The intersection of pragmatics and applied linguistics in teaching speech acts: Apologies perspective

Authors

  • Giti Ehtesham Daftari Gazi University
  • Zekiye Müge Tavil Gazi University

Abstract

This study dealt with the implication of the pragmatics research to EFL teaching. The study explored the effect of implicit teaching of apology speech act by native English speakers in elementary, intermediate and advanced EFL classrooms during eight successive weeks. The Discourse Completion Test (DCT) taken from Tunçel (1999) with reliability of 75% was used as pre-test, and the DCT taken from Bataineh (2006) was used as post-test. The results of the data analysis revealed that learners’ use of apology speech act improved. We also observed that intermediate and advance level EFL learners make different use of apology strategies depending on the situation.

Author Biographies

Giti Ehtesham Daftari, Gazi University

Institute of Edicational Sciences

Zekiye Müge Tavil, Gazi University

Institute of Educational Sciences

References

Austin, J. L. (1962). How to do things with words. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Available at http://www.dwrl.utexas.edu/~davis/crs/rhe321/Austin-How-To-Do-Things.pdf

Bataineh, R. F., & Bataineh, R. F. (2006). Apology strategies of Jordanian EFL university students. Journal of Pragmatics, 38, 1901-1927.

Bergman, M. L., Kasper, G. (1993). Perception and performance in native and nonnative apology. In G. Kasper, & S. Blum-Kulka (Eds.), Interlanguage pragmatics (pp. 82-107). New York: Oxford University Press.

Blum-Kulka, S. & Olshtain, E. (1984). Requests and apologies: A cross-cultural study of speech act realization patterns (CCSARP)â€. Applied Linguistics, 5(1), 196-213. Available at http://socling.genlingnw.ru/files/smrp/CSARP%20Blum-Kulka.pdf

Cohen, D. A., & Olshtain, E. (1981). Developing a measure of sociocultural competence: The case of apology. Language Learning, 31(1), 113-134.

Cohen, A. D., & Olshtain, E., & D. Rosenstein. (1986). Advanced EFL apologies: What remains to be learned. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 62(6), 51-74.

Cortazzi, M., & Jin, L. (2008). English teaching and learning in China. Language Teaching, 29(02), 61-80.

Eisenstein, M,, & Bodman, J. W. (1986). ‘I very appreciate’: Expressions of gratitude by native and nonnative speakers of American English. Applied Linguistics, 7, 167-185.

Erçetin, N. G. (1995). Pragmatic transfer in the realization of apologies: The case of Turkish EFL learners. An unpublished M.A. Thesis. Istanbul: Boğaziçi University.

Eslami-Rasekh Z., Eslami-Rasekh A. & Fatahi A. (2004). The effect of explicit metapragmatic instruction on the speech act awareness of advanced EFL students. TESL-EJ (8), 2. Retrieved from http://www.writing.berkeley.edu/TESlEJ/ej30/a2.html

Fielding, M. (2006). Effective communication in organisations (3rd ed.). Cape Town: Juta & Co. (Pty) Ltd.

Gass, S. M., & Neu, J. (1996). Speech acts across cultures: Challenges to communication in a second language. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

Goh, C., & Kwah, P. F. (1997). Chinese ESL students' learning strategies: A look at frequency, proficiency and gender. Hong Kong Journal of Applied Linguistics, 2(1), 39-53.

Gumperz, J. J., & Cook-Gumperz, J. (1982). Introduction: Language and the communication of socialidentity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Holmes, J. (1995). Sex differences and apologies: One aspect of communicative competence. Applied Linguistics, 10(2), 194—213.

Krasner, I. (1999). The role of culture in language teaching. Dialog on language instruction, 13(1-2), 79-88.

Leung, C. (2005). Convivial communication: recontextualizing communicative competence. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 15(2), 119-144.

Marquez-Reiter, R. (2000). Linguistic politeness in Britain and Uruguay: a contrastive study of requests and apologies. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.

Olshtain, E. (1983). Sociocultural competence and language transfer: The case of apology. In S. Gass & L. Selinker (Eds.), Language transfer in language learning (pp. 232-249). Rowley, MA.: Newbury House.

Olshtain, E., & Cohen, A. D. (1983). Apology: A speech act set. In E. Wolfson & E. Judd (Eds.), Sociolinguistics and language acquisition (pp. 18-35). Rowley, MA: Newbury House.

Olshtain, E., & Cohen A. D. (1989). Speech act behaviour across languages. In H. W. Dechert et al (Eds.) Transfer in production (pp. 53-68). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.

Owen, M. (1983). Apologies and remedial exchanges: A study of language use in social interaction. Berlin: Mouton.

Peterson, E., & Coltrane, B. (2003). Culture in second language teaching [Electronic Version]. Center for Applied Linguistics. Retrieved September 5, 2010. http://www.cal.org/resources/Digest/digest_pdfs/0309peterson.pdf

Porter, R. E., & Samovar, L. A. (1991). Basic principles of intercultural communication. In L. A. Samovar & R. E. Porter (Eds.), Intercultural communication (6th ed.; pp. 5-22). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

Rathert, S. (2013). The Language outside and Inside the Foreign Language Classroom: Speech Act Theory and Discourse Analysis. The Internet Journal Language, Culture and Society. http://ww.aaref.com.au/attachment.aspx?id=2267

Rao, Z. (1996). Reconciling communicative approaches to the teaching of English with traditional Chinese methods. Research in the Teaching of English, 30(4), 458-471.

Rao, Z. (2002). Chinese students' perceptions of communicative and non-communicative activities in EFL classroom. System, 30(1), 85-105.

Searle, J. R. (1969). Speech acts: An essay in the philosophy of language. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Searle, J. R. (1976). The Classification of Illocutionary Acts. Language in Society, 5 (1), 1-24.

Tillett, B., & Bruder, M. N. (1985). Speaking naturally. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Tunçel, R. (1999). Speech act realizations of Turkish EFL learners: A study on apologizing and thanking. Unpublished PhD Dissertation. Eskisehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi. SBE.

Downloads

Published

2015-11-01