The Relationship Between Individual Innovation and Social Entrepreneurship Characteristics of Teacher Candidates
Abstract
The-2002-Johannesburg-World-Summit and the 2005-2014 period were announced by the United Nations as a period of education focused on sustainable development. With this decision, the issue of sustainability has entered the agenda of education more precisely. Teachers contribute to sustainable development in social life as well as economic sustainable development. For sustainability, teachers need to be social entrepreneurs and innovators. Social entrepreneurship emphasizes sociality and entrepreneurship. Innovation involves innovation that creates value economically and socially. In the literature, there isnot any study aimed at determining the relationship between individual innovation characteristics and social entrepreneurship characteristics of prospective teachers. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between the prospective teachers' individual innovation characteristics and social-entrepreneurship characteristics. The research was conducted on prospective teachers studying in the education faculties of private universities in Northern-Cyprus. In order to obtain data for the study, “Social Entrepreneurship Characteristics Scale of Prospective Teachers” and “Individual Innovation Scale” were used with permission. The data of the research was analyzed with SEM. IBM SPSS 23.0-program and AMOS-program were used while applying the data analysis process. As a result of the analysis, a strong relationship was found between the social-entrepreneurship traits of trainee teachers and individual innovation traits. Keywords: Innovativeness; individual innovation; entrepreneurship; social entrepreneurship; teacher candidateReferences
Alvord, S. H., Brown, L. D., & Letts, C. W. (2004). Social entrepreneurship and societal transformation: An exploratory study. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 40(3), 260-282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021886304266847
Austin, J., Stevenson, H., & Weiâ€Skillern, J. (2006). Social and commercial entrepreneurship: Same, different, or both? Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30(1), 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5700/rausp1055
Barca, M., & Balcı, A. (2006). Kamu politikalarına nasıl stratejik yaklaşılabilir? Amme İdaresi Dergisi,. 39(2), 29-51.
Barker, A. (2002). The alchemy of innovation: Perspectives from the leading edge. London, UK: Spiro Press
Bayraktar, D. M. (2012). Adoption of wb 2.0 tools and the individual innovativess levels of instructors. Hasan Ali Yücel Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 18, 35-47.
Bentler, P. M. (2005). EQS 6 Structural equations program manual. Encino, CA: Multivariate Software
Betil, İ. (2010). Sivil toplum, sosyal sermaye, sosyal girişim. Girişimcilik ve Kalkınma Dergisi, 5(1), 1-5.
Beugré, C. (2017). Social entrepreneurship: Managing the creation of social value. New York, USA: Routledge.
Bitkin, A. (2012). Öğretmen adaylarının bireysel yenilikçilik düzeyleri ile bilgi edinme becerileri arasındaki ilişki. (Unpublished master's thesis). Harran Üniversitesi, Şanlıurfa,
Bjerke, B., & Karlsson, M. (2013). Social entrepreneurship: To act as if and make a difference. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited
Bornstein, D. (1998). Changing the world on a shoestring: An ambitious foundation promotes social change by finding ‘social entrepreneurs’. The Atlantic Monthly, January, 281(1), 34-39. Retrieved from https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1998/01/changing-the-world-on-a-shoestring/377042/
Bornstein, D., & Davis, S. (2010). Social entrepreneurship: What everyone needs to know. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Brinkerhoff, P. C. (2000). Social entrepreneurship. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons
Burgelman, R. A. (1983). A Process model of internal corporate venturing in the diversified major firm. Administrative Science Quarterly, 28(2), 223-245. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2392619
Byrne, B. M. (2009). Structural Equation Modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, Applications, and Programming (2nd ed.), New York, NY: Routledge.
Christie, M. J., & Honig, B. (2006). Social entrepreneurship: New research findings. Journal of World Business, 41(1), 1-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2005.10.003
Covin, J., & Slevin, D. (1989). Strategic management of small firms in hostile and benign environments. Strategic Management Journal, 10(1), 75-87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250100107
Cunningham, E. (2008). A practical guide to structural equation modeling using AMOS. Melbourne: Statsline.
Davidsson, P., Delmar, F., & Wiklund, J. (2006). Entrepreneurship as growth: Growth as entrepreneurship; In Davidsson; P., Delmar, F., & Wiklund, J. (Eds.), Entrepreneurship and the Growth of Firms. (pp.21-38). Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publisher
DeCarlo, L. T. (1997). On the meaning and use of kurtosis. Psychological Methods, 2, 292-307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.2.3.292
Dees, J. G. (2001). The meaning of “social entrepreneurshipâ€. Retrieved from https://entrepreneurship.duke.edu/news-item/the-meaning-of-social-entrepreneurship/
Demir, K. (2009). Rogers’ın yeniliğin yayılması teorisi ve internetten ders kaydı. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 47, 367-392.
Denizalp, H. (2007). Toplumsal dönüşüm için sosyal girişimcilik rehberi. Ankara: Odak Ofset Matbaacılık. Retrieved from http://panel.stgm.org.tr/vera/app/var/files/t/o/toplumsal-donusum-icin-sosyal- girisimcilik-rehberi.pdf
Dinçer, Ö. (2003). Stratejik yönetim ve işletme politikası (6. Basım). İstanbul: Beta Yayınları
Drayton, W. (2002). The citizen sector: becoming as entrepreneurial and competitive as business. California Management Review, 44(3), 120-132. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/41166136
Drayton, W. (2006). The Citizen Sector Transformed. In Nicholls, A. (ed.). Social entrepreneurship: new models of sustainable social change (pp. 45-55). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Drucker, P. F. (2014). Innovation and entrepreneurship. New York, NY: Routledge.
Elkington, J., & Hartigan, P. (2008). The power of unreasonable people: how social entrepreneurs create markets that change the world. Boston, Mass: Harvard Business School Press.
Er, P., H. (2012). Girişimcilik ve yenilikçilik kavramlarının iktisadi düşüncedeki yeri: Joseph A. Schumpeter. (Unpublished master's thesis). Selçuk Üniversitesi, Konya,
Ernesto, V. (2007). The Relationship between education and innovation: Evidence from european indicators. JRC Scientific and Technical Reports. Retrieved from http://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/bitstream/111111111/5028/1/PUBSY%206992%20-% 20EUR22797_EDandINN.pdf
Ernst, K. (2012). Social entrepreneurs and their personality. In. Volkmann C., Tokarski K., & Ernst K. (eds). Social Entrepreneurship and Social Business (pp. 51-64). Springer Gabler Verlag. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-7093-0_3
Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2012). How to design and evaluate research in education (8th ed.). Singapore: McGraw Hill Companies.
Gardner, J. W. (1995). Self-renewal: the individual and innovative society (4th ed.). New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company. Inc.
Gartner, W. B. (1989). Who is an entrepreneur? Is the wrong question. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 13(4), 47-68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10425878901300406
George, D., & Mallery, P. (2009). SPSS for windows step by step: A simple guide and reference 16.0 update. (9th ed.). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn&Bacon.
Goldsmith, R. E., & Foxall, G. R. (2003). The measurement of ınnovativeness. In Shavinina L. (Eds), International Handbook of Innovativeness (pp.321-330). Oxford, UK: Elsevier Science Ltd.
Güler Kümbül, B. (2008). Sosyal girişimciliği etkileyen faktörlerin analizi (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, İzmir.
Güler Kümbül, B. (2011). Social entrepreneurship in combating with poverty: Social innovative cases of ashoka fellows. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 13(3), 79-111.
Harding, R. (2004). Social enterprise: The new economic engine. Business Strategy Review, 15(4), 39-43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0955-6419.2004.00338x
Hausken, K., & Moxnes, J. F. (2018). Innovation, development and national indices. Social Indicators Research, 141(3), 1165-1188, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-018-1873-8
Hessels, S. J. A. (2008). International entrepreneurship: Value creation across national borders (No. EPS-2008-144-ORG). ERIM Ph.D. Series Research in Management. Erasmus Research Institute of Management. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1765/13942
Hockerts, K. (2006). Entrepreneurial opportunity in social purpose business ventures. In J. Mair, J. Robinson, & K. Hockerts (Eds.), Social Entrepreneurship (pp.142-154). Basingstone, UK: Palgrave MacMillan
Hoogeendorn, B., Penning, E.., & Thurik, R. (2010). What do we know about social entrepreneurship? An analysis of empirical research? International Review of Entrepreneurship, 8(2), 1-42.
Huck, S. W. (2012). Reading statistics and research. (6th ed). Boston: Person.
Hurt, H. T., Joseph, K., & Cook, C. D. (1977). Scales for the measurement of innovativeness. Human Communication Research 4(1), 58-65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.1977.tb00597.x
Hwee Nga, J. K., & Shamuganathan, G. (2010). The influence of personality traits and demographic factors on social entrepreneurship start up intentions. Journal of Business Ethics, 95(2), 259-282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-009-0358-8
Işıklı, M. (2010). Sınıf öğretmenlerinin bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerini kullanım düzeylerinin yeniliğin yayılımı kuramına göre incelenmesi (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Uşak Üniversitesi, Uşak.
Karasar, N. (2016). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri (31. Baskı). Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
Kayalar, M., & Arslan, E. T. (2016). Relation of intrapreneurship and innovation: An examination with structural equation model. Bartın Üniversitesi İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi, 7(14), 517-542
Kılıçer, K. (2011). Bilgisayar ve öğretim teknolojileri eğitimi öğretmen adaylarının bireysel yenilikçilik profilleri (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Anadolu Üniversitesi, Eskişehir,
Kılıçer, K., & Odabaşı, H. F. (2010). Individual innovativeness scale (IS): The study of adaptation to turkish, validity and reliability. H. U. Journal of Education, 38, 150-164.
Kırılmaz, S. K. (2014). Sosyal girişimcilik boyutlarına kuramsal bir bakış. Ekonomi ve Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(2), 55-74
Kline, R. B. (2010). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Konaklı, T., & Göğüş, N. (2013). Pre-service teachers’ social entrepreneurship qualifications scale: Validity and reliability study. Gazi University Journal of Gazi Educational Faculty, 33(2), 373-391.
Kösterelioğlu, M. A., & Demir, F. (2014). The impact of teachers’ individual innovativeness levels on teacher leadership. The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies, 26, 247-256. doi: 10.9761/JASSS2271
Kurtoğlu, M. (2009). İlköğretim okullarında görev yapan öğretmenlerin bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinin öğretme-öğrenme sürecine entegrasyonu hakkındaki görüşlerinin yeniliğin yayılımı kuramı temelinde incelenmesi. (Unpublished master's thesis). Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana,
Leadbeater, C. (1997). The Rise of the social entrepreneur. London: Demos, Retrieved from http://wwwdemos.co.uk/publications/socialentrepreneur
Light, P. C. (2009). Social entrepreneurship revisited: Not just anyone, anywhere, in any organization can make breakthrough change. Stanford Social Innovation Review, 7(3), 21-22
Lubberink, R., Blok, V., van Ophem, J., van der Velde, G. & Omta, O. (2018). Innovation for society: Towards a typology of developing innovations by social entrepreneurs. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 9(1), 52-78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19420676.2017.1410212
Lumpkin, G. T., & Dess, G. G. (1996). Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation construct and linking it to performance. The Academy of Management Review, 21(1), 135-172
Mair, J., & Marti, I. (2006). Social entrepreneurship research: A source of explanation, prediction, and delight. Journal of World Business, 41(1), 36-44.
Midgley, D. F., & Dowling, G. R. (1978). Innovativeness: The concept and it’s measurement. Chicago Journals, 4(4), 229-242.
Miller, T. L., & Wesley, C. L. (2010). Assessing mission and resources for social change: An organizational identity perspective on social venture capitalists’ decision criteria. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice. 34(4), 705-733. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2010.00388.x
Mirze, K., & Ülgen, H. (2004). İşletmelerde stratejik yönetim. İstanbul: Literatür Yayınları.
Morris, M. H., & Sexton, D. L. (1996). The concept of entrepreneurial intensity: Implications for company performance. Journal of Business Research, 36(1), 5-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0148-2963(95)00158-1
Moulaert, F., & Nussbaumer, J. (2005). The Social Region. Beyond the Learning Economy. European Urban and Regional Studies, 12(1), 45-64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969776405048500
Mulgan, G., Tucker, S., Ali, R., & Sanders, B. (2007). Social innovation: What it is, why it matters and how it can be accelerated. Oxford Said Business School. Skoll Center for Entrepreneuship. London, Retrieved from http://eureka.sbs.ox.ac.uk/id/eprint/761
Mumcu, K. F. (2004). Mesleki ve teknik okullarda bilişim teknolojilerinin yayılımında algılanan özelliklere ve engellere ilişkin öğretmen görüşleri. [Teachers’ views regarding the perceived attributes and the obstacles in the diffusion of informatics technologies in vocational and echnical schools]. (Unpublished master's thesis) Hacettepe University, Ankara,
Neck, H., Brush, C., & Allen, E. (2009). The landscape of social entrepreneurship. Business Horizons 52(1), 13-19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2008.09.002
Okandan, G. D., & Görgülü, V. (2012). Türkiye'de sosyal girişimcilik tanımı ve örnekleri. In Sanje, G. & Dikmener, G. (Eds.), Büyüyen Kapsayıcı Piyasalar: Türkiye'de Sosyal Girişimcilik Vakaları (pp.1-33). İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları
Özbek A. (2014). Öğretmenlerin yenilikçilik düzeylerinin TPAB yeterlikleri üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi. (Unpublished master's thesis). Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi, Konya,
Parziale, F., & Scotti, I. (2016). Education as a resource of social innovation. SAGE Open, 6(3), 1-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244016662691
Phillips, W., Lee, H., Ghobadian, A., O'Regan, N., & James, P.(2015). Social innovation and social entrepreneurship: A systematic review. Group & Organization Management, 40(3), 428–461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1059601114560063
Raykov, T., & Marcoulides, G. A. (2008). An introduction to applied multivariate analysis. New York, NY: Taylor & Francis Group.
Reis, T. (1999). Unleashing the new resources and entrepreneurship for the common good: A scan, synthesis and scenario for action. Battle Creek, Michigan: W. K. Kellogg Foundation. Retrieved from https://www.issuelab.org/resources/11505/11505.pdf
Reynolds, P., Bosma, N., Autio, E., Hunt, S., De Bono, N., Servais, I., … Chin, N. (2005). Global entrepreneurship monitor: data collection design and implementation 1998-2003. Small Business Economics, 24(3), 205-231. doi: 10.1007/s11187-005-1980-1
Robinson, P. B., Stimpson, D. V., Huefner, J. C., & Hunt, H. K. (1991). An attitude approach to the prediction of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 15(4), 13-31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104225879101500405
Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of innovation. (5th Edition). New York, NY: The Free Publication.
Samuel, Y. A., Ernest, K., & Awuah, J. B. (2013). An assessment of entrepreneurship intention among sunyani polytechnic marketing students. International Review of Management and Marketing, 3(1), 37-49. Retrieved from https://www.econjournals.com/index.php/irmm/article/view/391/pdf
Sarı, O. (2013). Sosyal değerler emek ve sosyal edebiyata dair bazı düşünceler. FSM İlmi Araştırmalar İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Dergisi. 2, 201-227
Schumpeter, J. A. (1934). The theory of economic development: An inquiry into profits, capital, credit, interest, and the business cycle. London: Transaction Publishers.
Seelos, C., & Mair, J. (2005). Social entrepreneurship: Creating new business models to serve the poor. Business Horizons 2005, 48(3), 241-246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2004.111.006
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). Harlow: Pearson Education Limited
Thomas, J., & Reddy, R. (2013). Evaluation of social entrepreneurship education programs in India. International Development Research Centre. Retrieved from http://villgro.org/research-papers
Torjman, S., & Leviten-Reid, E. (2003). Innovation and poverty reduction. Ottowa, Ontario: Caledon Institute of Social Policy. Retrieved from http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi= 10.1.1.590.8276&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Utsch, A., & Rauch, A. (2000). Innovativeness and initiative as mediators between achievement orientation and venture performance. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 9(1), 45-62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/135943200398058
Valéu, P. (2010). Social entrepreneurs in non-profit organizations: Innovation and dilemmas. In Fayolle, A., & Matlay, H. (Eds.). Handbook of Research on Social Entrepreneurship (pp.205-231). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Weerawardena, J., & Mort, G. S. (2006). Investigating social entrepreneurship: A multidimensional model. Journal of World Business, 41(1), 21-35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2005.09.001
Wiklund, J., & Shepherd, D. A. (2005). Entrepreneurial orientation and small business performance: A configurational approach. Journal of Business Venturing 20(1), 71-91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2004.01.001
WIPO. (July 2018). Global Innovation Index. Retrieved from https://www.wipo.int/pressroom/ en/articles/2018/article_0005.html
Yılmaz, E., & Sünbül, A. M. (2009). Developing scale of university students entrepreneurship. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21(2), 195- 203.
Yuksel, I. (2015). Rogers’ diffusion of innovation model in action: Individual innovativeness profiles of pre-service teachers in Turkey. Croatian Journal of Education, 17(2), 507-534. doi: 10.1551/cje.v17i2.871
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture or academic thesis), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, without the written consent of the Publisher. The Editors reserve the right to edit or otherwise alter all contributions, but authors will receive proofs for approval before publication.
Copyrights for articles published in International Journal of Curriculum and Instruction are retained by the authors, with first publication rights granted to the journal. The journal/publisher is not responsible for subsequent uses of the work. It is the author's responsibility to bring an infringement action if so desired by the author.